Traditionally speaking, a poem or ‘Ghazal’ would be recited by poets at Mushairas (poetry readings), the poet sometimes would also mention his own name (takhallus) in the last couplet as a seal of recognition for his work. The first two lines rhyme, thereafter every alternate line rhyme (AA BA CA DA etc). The poetry is strictly bound by a fixed rhyme and meter with couplets of a minimum of 2 to as many as 25. Also, less sung about contemporary poets, like Hali and Iqbal, added new dimensions by writing about society, equality and politics. During the Mughal rule (16th century), Indian poets, such as Nuri, Zafar, Kuli Khtub Shah, influenced by Persian masters like Sadi, wrote Ghazals in Urdu reaching perfection in 18th and 19th centuries with poets like Mir and Ghalib, leading the way to modern poets, Ashgar, Jigar and Hasrat. But the Ghazal is essentially a song that tells ‘our saddest thought’ – with the sorrows of ‘love unsatisfied’ as the central theme.Īs early as the 7th century, Suraka, an Arabic poet used the words in the phrase, “yala ila ghazal al-shabab” (he seeks his pleasure in the Ghazal of youth).
Even though there are fine Ghazals that express the joys of wine, beauty of women, explore the mystery of God and Spiritualism there are those poets that write sonnets about the unknown territory of death, politics and the inequalities of life.
It expresses the deepest sorrows of love lost and on the Indian Sub-Continent it is the supreme mode of poetic expression for romantic love – its agony and ecstasy. It is Persian in origin and deals with themes of unrequited love, longing and passion. Ghazal, in Arabic means a song addressed to women and in Persian a love poem. The vocal style of music that has given Najma Akhtar recognition and critical acclaim is known as the Ghazal, which is a form of lyrical poetry.
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